You can absolutely just "follow" people and not post a single thing.
In order to find people, I usually just search for their name. Or, if they have an alias
"The Rock" for example (Dwayne Johnson).
I don't have a smart phone (yet) so I just use a program called tweetdeck.
Twitter bought the app and really goofed it up.
HERE is a link to the old version which I think is much better.
It will help you with posts, and it will keep everyone elses's posts you follow in 1 nice place.
You will notice that a lot of tv shows and other programs - the GOP debates for example put up a hash tag: "#gopdebate" or something like that. That is like a tag. If anyone does a serch for that tag, anything that anyone says using that tag will show up in your search. Its a neat way to see what others say. A hash tag can be anything you want it to be. There are no rules. However, if CF had a hash tag, and you wanted your "tweet" to show up to anyone following CF, you would want to make sure you are using a tag that most people are using. To find that, just do a few searches.
You can talk to everyone by just typing and posting. If you want to talk directly to someone you use the "@" symbol followed by their twitter handle. For example:
@cyclonefanatic would talk directly to whomever is in charge of the twitter account at cyclone fanatic.
One thing you will notice that is very annoying. If you talk about something - car insurance or something - don't be suprised if you get a bunch of insurance providers following you. Or some random person (usually spam) sending you a message about cheap insurance.
Hope this helps! Everyone is a beginner at some point. Just gotta jump in and go.